Income Tax Calculator
Estimate 2026 or 2025 federal and state income tax from gross or taxable income and filing status — real brackets for all 50 states and DC, with sources.
Income Tax Calculator: with the default inputs, federal income tax is $9,870.00.
Wages, interest, business income, etc. Exclude pre-tax 401(k) and HSA contributions.
Adds state income tax using that state's own rate schedule and standard deduction. Pick the last option to type a flat rate instead.
- Effective federal tax rate
- 11.61%Federal tax as a share of the income you entered.
- Marginal bracket
- 22%The rate on your next dollar of taxable income.
- State income tax
- $0.00From the selected state's rate schedule, or your flat rate.
- Federal + state income tax
- $9,870.00
- Income after income tax
- $75,130.00
- Taxable income
- $68,900.00
- Deduction applied
- $16,100.00
Assumptions
- Ordinary-income rate schedules only; no credits, AMT, capital-gains rates, QBI deduction or the 2025–2028 senior deduction.
- Standard deduction (plus additional amounts for 65+/blind) or your itemized figure, whichever is larger; no dependent-filer limitation.
- Married filing separately uses half the joint federal thresholds, per the IRS schedule, and the state's single-filer schedule.
- State tax uses each state's published rate schedule, standard deduction and personal exemption for the tax year shown with the results; the source URL and year for the state you pick are printed above the results, along with the simplifications made for that state.
- State figures exclude county, municipal and city income taxes, itemized deductions, retirement and capital-gains exclusions, and credits that phase out. Unlisted states fall back to the flat rate you enter.
| Taxable income | Rate | Your income in this bracket | Tax |
|---|---|---|---|
| $0 – $12,400 | 10% | $12,400 | $1,240 |
| $12,400 – $50,400 | 12% | $38,000 | $4,560 |
| $50,400 – $105,700 | 22% | $18,500 | $4,070 |
| $105,700 – $201,775 | 24% | $0 | $0 |
| $201,775 – $256,225 | 32% | $0 | $0 |
| $256,225 – $640,600 | 35% | $0 | $0 |
| Over $640,600 | 37% | $0 | $0 |
How this is worked out
The formula
Taxable income = gross income − max(standard deduction, itemized deductions) Tax = Σ over brackets of (income falling in the bracket × that bracket's rate) Effective rate = tax ÷ income; marginal rate = rate of the bracket containing your last dollar 2026 standard deduction: single $16,100 · married filing jointly $32,200 · head of household $24,150 · separately $16,100 2025 standard deduction: single $15,750 · married filing jointly $31,500 · head of household $23,625 · separately $15,750 State tax = same bracket walk on state taxable income State taxable income = income − state standard deduction − state personal exemption (where the state has them) then less any personal exemption the state delivers as a credit rather than a deduction
Open How it’s calculated above to see this worked through with your own numbers.
What you enter
- Tax year
- Choose one of 2 options.2026 (return filed in 2027) · 2025 (return filed in 2026)
- Filing status
- Choose one of 4 options.Single · Married filing jointly / surviving spouse · Married filing separately · Head of household
- The income I'm entering is…
- Choose one of 2 options.Gross income (apply the standard deduction) · Taxable income (already after deductions)
- Income
- Wages, interest, business income, etc. Exclude pre-tax 401(k) and HSA contributions.in dollars · 0 or more · defaults to 85000
- State
- Adds state income tax using that state's own rate schedule and standard deduction. Pick the last option to type a flat rate instead.Alabama · Alaska — no income tax · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · District of Columbia · Florida — no income tax · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada — no income tax · New Hampshire — no income tax · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota — no income tax · Tennessee — no income tax · Texas — no income tax · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington — no income tax · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming — no income tax · Not listed / enter a flat rate below
- Flat state income tax rate(under More options)
- Only used when State is set to “Not listed”. Applied to your taxable income.a percentage · from 0 to 20 · defaults to 0
- Itemized deductions(under More options)
- Mortgage interest, state and local taxes (capped), charity, medical over the floor. Used only if larger than the standard deduction.in dollars · 0 or more · defaults to 0
- Additional standard deductions (65+ or blind)(under More options)
- One for each of: you 65+, you blind, spouse 65+, spouse blind.from 0 to 4 · whole numbers only · defaults to 0
What you get back
- Federal income taxmain answer
- Effective federal tax rate
- Federal tax as a share of the income you entered.
- Marginal bracket
- The rate on your next dollar of taxable income.
- State income tax
- From the selected state's rate schedule, or your flat rate.
- Federal + state income tax
- Income after income tax
- Taxable income
- Deduction applied
What this assumes
- Ordinary-income rate schedules only; no credits, AMT, capital-gains rates, QBI deduction or the 2025–2028 senior deduction.
- Standard deduction (plus additional amounts for 65+/blind) or your itemized figure, whichever is larger; no dependent-filer limitation.
- Married filing separately uses half the joint federal thresholds, per the IRS schedule, and the state's single-filer schedule.
- State tax uses each state's published rate schedule, standard deduction and personal exemption for the tax year shown with the results; the source URL and year for the state you pick are printed above the results, along with the simplifications made for that state.
- State figures exclude county, municipal and city income taxes, itemized deductions, retirement and capital-gains exclusions, and credits that phase out. Unlisted states fall back to the flat rate you enter.
About this calculator
US federal income tax is progressive and marginal: your income is sliced into brackets and each slice is taxed at its own rate. Moving into the 24% bracket doesn't tax all your income at 24% — only the dollars above the bracket floor. This calculator runs your income through the IRS rate schedule for the year you choose and shows exactly how much lands in each slice.
How to use it
Choose the tax year (2026 is the current year; 2025 is the return most people filed in early 2026), your filing status and whether the income you're typing is gross or already taxable. With gross income, the calculator subtracts the standard deduction for your status — or your itemized deductions if they're bigger, which you can enter under More options along with the extra standard deduction for being 65 or older or blind.
Reading the results
- Federal income tax is the estimated liability before any credits.
- Effective rate is the share of your income that goes to federal income tax. It's always lower than your marginal rate — often much lower, because the deduction and the low first brackets shelter a lot.
- Marginal bracket is what the next dollar you earn is taxed at, and the rate that matters for decisions like whether a traditional or Roth contribution makes sense.
- The table shows the schedule with your income distributed across it; the chart shows tax by bracket.
Adding your state
Pick your state and the calculator runs its actual rate schedule — graduated brackets in 27 states and DC, a single flat rate in 14, and nothing at all in the nine that levy no income tax — plus that state's own standard deduction and personal exemption. Each state's source and tax year are printed with the results, along with anything the model deliberately leaves out for that state (county taxes in Maryland and Indiana, municipal taxes in Ohio and Pennsylvania, phase-outs in Connecticut and Wisconsin). If your state's situation is unusual, choose "Not listed" and type a flat rate under More options instead.
Where the figures come from
Federal bracket thresholds and standard deductions are indexed to inflation annually and published by the IRS in a revenue procedure each autumn. The 2026 figures are from Rev. Proc. 2025-32; the 2025 figures are from Rev. Proc. 2024-40 with the standard deduction as raised by the July 2025 tax law (the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act"), which also made the seven-bracket structure permanent. State schedules come from each state's revenue department and the Tax Foundation's annual compilation, with the tax year recorded per state — a handful of states had not published 2026 inflation-adjusted bracket widths in time, so they carry 2025 widths and say so on screen.
What's left out
Credits — especially the $2,200 child tax credit and the earned income credit — reduce the tax directly and can zero it out; add them yourself after. Social Security and Medicare (7.65% on wages) are separate taxes that most people pay more of than income tax below about $100,000. Long-term capital gains and qualified dividends use their own 0/15/20% schedule. Local income taxes — county in Maryland and Indiana, municipal in Ohio and Pennsylvania, city in New York — are on top of the state figure here and can be a large share of the bill. Pre-tax 401(k), HSA and traditional IRA contributions should be excluded from the income you enter, because they never appear in taxable income.
Frequently asked questions
▸What are the 2026 federal tax brackets?
Seven rates — 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. For single filers the 12% bracket starts at $12,400 of taxable income, 22% at $50,400, 24% at $105,700, 32% at $201,775, 35% at $256,225 and 37% at $640,600. Married-filing-jointly thresholds are double except the top one ($768,700).
▸What is the standard deduction for 2026?
$16,100 for single and married-filing-separately filers, $32,200 for married filing jointly, and $24,150 for heads of household, plus $1,650 per qualifying age/blindness box ($2,050 if unmarried).
▸What's the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Marginal is the rate on your last (or next) dollar — your bracket. Effective is total tax divided by income. A single filer with $85,000 gross in 2026 is in the 22% bracket but pays an effective federal income-tax rate of about 12%.
▸Does this include Social Security and Medicare?
No. Those payroll taxes (6.2% and 1.45% for employees, double for the self-employed) are separate from income tax. Use the paycheck calculator to see them together.
▸Which states have no income tax?
Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming and, since its interest-and-dividends tax was repealed for 2025, New Hampshire. Tennessee repealed its Hall tax in 2021. Washington taxes no wages but does levy a 7% excise tax on large long-term capital gains.
▸Does this include city or county income tax?
No — only the state's own tax. Maryland counties, Indiana counties, Ohio and Pennsylvania municipalities, New York City and several dozen other localities levy income taxes on top, and the results panel names them for the state you pick.
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The questions people ask next to a income tax.
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Estimate take-home pay with the 2026 IRS Pub. 15-T withholding tables, Social Security, Medicare, real tax brackets for all 50 states, 401(k) and health premiums.
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Project a Roth IRA's tax-free balance and compare it, for the same take-home cost, with a traditional IRA taxed on withdrawal at your rates now and later.
Project your 401(k) at retirement from salary, contribution rate, employer match and growth within the 2026 IRS deferral limit, and see the employer's share.
Add sales tax to a price or back the tax out of a total you've paid, at any combined state and local rate — with the tax amount and the arithmetic shown.